![]() People who live in areas that use more imported MWD water would see higher average costs, and those in areas that use less imported water would pay less. Those agencies sell water to individual homes and businesses. MWD imports water from Northern California and the Colorado River and re-sells it to other public water agencies from Ventura County to San Diego. But the risk that MWD cannot recoup the investment would be a key concern when the MWD board votes on the plan next month. In that picture, MWD puts up nearly $11 billion toward the tunnels construction, and no other water agency contracts to pay the costs of moving water under the delta, and the tunnels produce no other revenue. ![]() MWD’s ultimate investment in that case would be about $5.3 billion, officials estimated.īut home water bills could rise, on average, by as much as $4.80 in the worst case situation. That’s one in which MWD puts nearly $11 billion into helping construct the tunnels and is reimbursed by other water agencies who pay to receive bigger water supplies. The tunnels could add an average per-household cost to monthly water bills of about $2.40 in a best case scenario. And its plan would cost ratepayers more.Įxactly how much more is a tricky question. Now Southern California's biggest water agency - the Metropolitan Water District - is offering to help save the project. The state wants to build two new conveyance tunnels under the delta to reduce ecological harm and increase reliability, but the plan is in trouble for lack of funding. But deliveries aren't always reliable because ecological concerns often slow the pumps conveying the water southward. Contractors and suppliers for PSWTĪustralian consulting engineering company SMEC provided its expertise in construction supervision and consultancy services on the project.Southern California gets about a third of its water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Bay Delta east of San Francisco. Ring beams, rock bolts and fibre mortar shotcrete were used for primary ground support under high cover. Tunnelling was carried out using three TBMs from Robbins, namely Kamila, Selpah and Tiara Midori. The tunnel will convey 1.89 million litres of raw water daily from Sungai Semantan in Pahang to the Hulu Langat WTP in Selangor. The upper and lower ends were excavated by New Austria Tunnelling Method (NATM). It has the capacity to discharge 27.6m³ of raw water per second.Ĭonstruction works involved excavation using tunnel boring machines (TBM) for 35km, while the remaining length was excavated by conventional drilling-and-blasting or by cut-and-cover. The 44.6km-long, 5.23m-diameter tunnel starts at Karak, Pahang, running deep under the ground up to 1,200m below the Titiwangsa mountain range and hot springs. Outlet structures in Selangor will transfer the water to the new treatment plant. Water to the tunnel will be supplied through an 858m-long inlet conduit structure and pumping station located in the Pahang River Basin. The WTP, to be built with an estimated investment of RM3.74bn (approximately $1.16bn), will have a capacity of 1,200 million litres per day. The later part of the project will involve the construction of Langat 2 water treatment plant (WTP) in Hulu Langat and a distribution system downstream. Construction of a pumping station, dual water pipelines, access roads and a telemetry system are also part of the project. The components of the RM2.48bn (approximately $766.87m) PSWT project include a transfer tunnel, 35m-high Kelau Dam with an effective capacity of 299 million cubic meters and the Semantan intake facility. The Angola WTP supplies water from Xangongo to Ondjiva, located in the province of Cunene in southern Angola. ![]() The project was financed through a loan provided by Japan International Cooperation Agency. Japanese companies Shimizu Corporation and Nishimatsu formed a joint-venture (JV) with local companies IJM and UEM Builders to excavate the tunnel. The water tunnel is being built as part of the Pahang Selangor Raw Water Transfer (PSWT) project aimed at supplying raw water from the River Semantan to the states of Pahang, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur and Negeri Sembilan. Construction activity started in 2010 and the excavation works were completed by May 2014. The project involves construction of three tunnels measuring 44.6km-long, making it the world’s 11th longest tunnel and the longest in South-East Asia. Pahang Selangor Raw Water Transfer Tunnel is a huge gravity-driven raw water transfer tunnel being constructed by the Malaysian Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water (KeTTHA). The ground breaking ceremony held in August 2010 in Karak, Pahang. Image courtesy of The Robbins Company.Īssembling of Robbins TBM in its US manufacturing facility. The last phase of the tunnel excavation works was completed in May 2014. ![]()
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